DS2196
9 of 160
1.2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
1.3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The analog AMI/B8ZS waveform off of the T1 line is transformer coupled into the RRING and RTIP pins
of the DS2196. The device recovers clock and data from the analog signal and passes it through the
optional jitter attenuator to the receive side framer where the digital serial stream is analyzed to locate the
framing/multiframe pattern. The DS2196 contains an active filter that reconstructs the analog received
signal for the nonlinear losses that occur in transmission. The device has a usable receive sensitivity of 0
dB to –36 dB, which allows the device to operate on cables up to 6000 feet in length. The receive side
framer locates D4 (SLC–96) or ESF multiframe boundaries as well as detects incoming alarms including,
carrier loss, loss of synchronization, blue (AIS) and yellow alarms.
The transmit side of the DS2196 is totally independent from the receive side in both the clock
requirements and characteristics. The transmit formatter will provide the necessary frame/multiframe
data overhead for T1 transmission. Once the data stream has been prepared for transmission, it is sent via
the optional jitter attenuator to the wave shaping and line driver functions. The DS2196 will drive the T1
line from the TTIP and TRING pins via a coupling transformer. The line driver can handle both long haul
(CSU) and short haul (DSX–1) lines.
Reader’s Note: This data sheet assumes a particular nomenclature of the T1 operating environment. In
each 125
s frame, there are 24, 8–bit channels plus a framing bit. It is assumed that the framing bit is
sent first followed by channel 1. Each channel is made up of 8 bits, which are numbered, 1 to 8. Bit
number 1 is the MSB and is transmitted first.
Bit number 8 is the LSB and is transmitted last.
Throughout this data sheet, the following abbreviations will be used:
Long /
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
Rx
Framer A
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
A
Rx
Framer B
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
B
Long /
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
T1
Interface
A
T1
Interface
B
Microcontroller
DS2196
1.544 MHz
Long /
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
Rx
Framer A
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
A
Rx
Framer B
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
B
T3 /
SONET /
Optical
Mux
T1
Network
Interface
Microcontroller
DS2196
1.544 MHz
NRZ
Interface
Office Repeater / NIU
Long /
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
Rx
Framer A
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
A
Rx
Framer B
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
B
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
Telco
T1
Interface
CPE
T1
Interface
Microcontroller
DS2196
1.544 MHz
Long /
Short
Haul
Line
Interface
Unit
(LIU)
Rx
Framer A
Rx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
A
Rx
Framer B
Rx HDLC
Tx HDLC
Tx
Formatter
B
HDSL1 /
HDSL2
Modem
T1
Interface
(Remote or
CO Located)
One or Two
Sets of
Twisted
Pi
Microcontroller
DS2196
1.544 MHz
NRZ
Interface
CSU Application
HDSL1 / HDSL2 Application
T3 / SONET /
Optical Multiplexer Application