Philips Semiconductors
Objective specification
PDI1394P24
2-port 400 Mbps physical layer interface
2000 Jun 23
8
7.0
The PDI1394P24 requires only an external 24.576 MHz crystal as a
reference. An external clock can be connected to XI instead of a
crystal. An internal oscillator drives an internal phase-locked loop
(PLL), which generates the required 393.216 MHz reference signal.
This reference signal is internally divided to provide the clock signals
used to control transmission of the outbound encoded Strobe and
Data information. A 49.152 MHz clock signal, supplied to the
associated LLC for synchronization of the two chips, is used for
resynchronization of the received data. The Power Down (PD)
function, when enabled by asserting the PD terminal high, stops
operation of the PLL and disables all circuits except the cable bias
detectors at the TPB terminals. The port transmitter circuitry and the
receiver circuitry are also disabled when the port is disabled,
suspended, or disconnected.
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
The PDI1394P24 supports an optional isolation barrier between
itself and its LLC. When the ISO input terminal is tied high, the
LLC interface outputs behave normally. When the ISO terminal is
tied low, internal differentiating logic is enabled, and the outputs are
driven such that they can be coupled through a capacitive or
transformer galvanic isolation barrier as described in IEEE 1394a
section 5.9.4 To operate with single capacitor (bus holder) isolation,
the ISO on the PHY terminal must be tied high. For more details on
using single capacitor isolation, please refer to the Philips Isolation
Application Note AN2452.
Data bits to be transmitted through the cable ports are received from
the LLC on two, four or eight parallel paths (depending on the
requested transmission speed). They are latched internally in the
PDI1394P24 in synchronization with the 49.152 MHz system clock.
These bits are combined serially, encoded, and transmitted at
98.304/196.608/392.216 Mbps (referred to as S100, S200, and
S400 speed, respectively) as the outbound data-strobe information
stream. During transmission, the encoded data information is
transmitted differentially on the TPB cable pair(s), and the encoded
strobe information is transmitted differentially on the TPA cable
pair(s).
During packet reception the TPA and TPB transmitters of the
receiving cable port are disabled, and the receivers for that port are
enabled. The encoded data information is received on the TPA cable
pair, and the encoded strobe information is received on the TPB
cable pair. The received data-strobe information is decoded to
recover the receive clock signal and the serial data bits. The serial
data bits are split into two-, four- or eight-bit parallel streams
(depending upon the indicated receive speed), resynchronized to
the local 49.152 MHz system clock and sent to the associated LLC.
The received data is also transmitted (repeated) on the other active
(connected) cable ports.
Both the TPA and TPB cable interfaces incorporate differential
comparators to monitor the line states during initialization and
arbitration. The outputs of these comparators are used by the
internal logic to determine the arbitration status. The TPA channel
monitors the incoming cable common-mode voltage. The value of
this common-mode voltage is used during arbitration to set the
speed of the next packet transmission (speed signaling). In addition,
the TPB channel monitors the incoming cable common-mode
voltage on the TPB pair for the presence of the remotely supplied
twisted-pair bias voltage (cable bias detection).
The PDI1394P24 provides a 1.86 V nominal bias voltage at the
TPBIAS terminal for port termination. The PHY contains two
independent TPBIAS circuits. This bias voltage, when seen through
a cable by a remote receiver, indicates the presence of an active
connection. This bias voltage source must be stabilized by an
external filter capacitor of 0.3
μ
F–1
μ
F.
The line drivers in the PDI1394P24 operate in a high-impedance
current mode, and are designed to work with external 112
line-termination resistor networks in order to match the 110
cable
impedance. One network is provided at each end of all twisted-pair
cable connections. Each network is composed of a pair of
series-connected 56
resistors. The midpoint of the pair of resistors
that is directly connected to the twisted-pair A terminals is connected
to its corresponding TPBIAS voltage terminal. The midpoint of the pair
of resistors that is directly connected to the twisted-pair B terminals is
coupled to ground through a parallel R-C network with recommended
values of 5 k
and 220 pF. The values of the external line termination
resistors are designed to meet the standard specifications when
connected in parallel with the internal receiver circuits. An external
resistor connected between the R0 and R1 terminals sets the driver
output current, along with other internal operating currents. This
current setting resistor has a value of 6.34 k
±
1%.
When the power supply of the PDI1394P24 is removed while the
twisted-pair cables are connected, the PDI1394P24 transmitter and
receiver circuitry presents a high impedance to the cable in order to
not load the TPBIAS voltage on the other end of the cable.
When the PDI1394P24 is used with one or more of the ports not
brought out to a connector, the twisted-pair terminals of the unused
ports must be terminated for reliable operation. For each unused
port, the TPB+ and TPB– terminals can be tied together and then
pulled to ground, or the TPB+ and TPB– terminals can be connected
to the suggested termination network. The TPA+ and TPA– and
TPBIAS terminals of an unused port can be left unconnected.
The TEST0 and TEST1 terminals are used to set up various
manufacturing test conditions. For normal operation, the TEST0 and
TEST1 terminals should be connected to ground. TEST1 can also
be tied through a 1 k resistor to ground.
Four package terminals, used as inputs to set the default value for
four configuration status bits in the self-ID packet, should be
hard-wired high or low as a function of the equipment design. The
PC0–PC2 terminals are used to indicate the default power-class
status for the node (the need for power from the cable or the ability
to supply power to the cable). See Table 21 for power class
encoding. The C/LKON terminal is used as an input to indicate that
the node is a contender for bus manager.
The PHY supports suspend/resume as defined in the IEEE 1394a
specification. The suspend mechanism allows pairs of directly
connected ports to be placed into a low power state while
maintaining a port-to-port connection between 1394 bus segments.
While in a low power state, a port is unable to transmit or receive
data transaction packets. However, a port in a low power state is
capable of detecting connection status changes and detecting
incoming TPBIAS. When all two ports of the PDI1394P24 are
suspended, all circuits except the bias-detection circuits are
powered down, resulting in significant power savings. The TPBIAS
circuit monitors the value of incoming TPA pair common-mode
voltage when local TPBIAS is inactive. Because this circuit has an
internal current source and the connected node has a current sink,
the monitored value indicates the cable connection status. This
monitor is called connect-detect.
Both the cable bias-detect monitor and TPBIAS connect-detect
monitor are used in suspend/resume signaling and cable connection
detection. For additional details of suspend/resume operation, refer