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Data Sheet
AD9557
Rev. B | Page 33 of 92
SYSTEM CLOCK (SYSCLK)
SYSTEM CLOCK INPUTS
Functional Description
The SYSCLK circuit provides a low jitter, stable, high frequency
clock for use by the rest of the chip. The XOA and XOB pins
connect to the internal SYSCLK multiplier. The SYSCLK multiplier
can synthesize the system clock by connecting a crystal resonator
across the XOA and XOB input pins or by connecting a low
frequency clock source. The optimal signal for the system clock
input is either a crystal in the 50 MHz range or an ac-coupled
square wave with a 1 V p-p amplitude.
System Clock Period
For the
AD9557 to accurately measure the frequency of incoming
reference signals, the user must enter the system clock period
into the nominal system clock period registers (Register 0x0103
to Register 0x0105). The SYSCLK period is entered in units of
nanoseconds (ns).
System Clock Details
There are two internal paths for the SYSCLK input signal: low
frequency non-xtal (LF) and crystal resonator (XTAL).
Using a TCXO for the system clock is a common use for the
LF path. Applications requiring DPLL loop bandwidths of less
than 50 Hz or high stability in holdover require a TCXO. As an
alternative to the 49.152 MHz crystal for these applications, the
AD9557 reference design uses a 19.2 MHz TCXO, which offers
excellent holdover stability and a good combination of low jitter
and low spurious content.
The 1.8 V differential receiver connected to the XOA and XOB pins
is self-biased to a dc level of ~1 V, and ac coupling is strongly
recommended. When a 3.3 V CMOS oscillator is in use, it is
important to use a voltage divider to reduce the input high voltage
to a maximum of 1.8 V. See
Figure 34 for details on connecting
a 3.3 V CMOS TCXO to the system clock input.
The non-xtal input path permits the user to provide an LVPECL,
LVDS, 1.8 V CMOS, or sinusoidal low frequency clock for
multiplication by the integrated SYSCLK PLL. The LF path
handles input frequencies from 3.5 MHz up to 100 MHz.
However, when using a sinusoidal input signal, it is best to use
a frequency that is in excess of 20 MHz. Otherwise, the resulting
low slew rate can lead to substandard noise performance. Note
that the non-xtal path includes an optional 2× frequency multiplier
to double the rate at the input to the SYSCLK PLL and potentially
reduce the PLL in-band noise. However, to avoid exceeding the
maximum PFD rate of 150 MHz, the 2× frequency multiplier is
only for input frequencies that are below 75 MHz.
The non-xtal path also includes an input divider (M) that is
programmable for divide-by-1, -2, -4, or -8. The purpose of
the divider is to limit the frequency at the input to the PLL to
less than 150 MHz (the maximum PFD rate).
The XTAL path enables the connection of a crystal resonator
(typically 10 MHz to 50 MHz) across the XOA and XOB pins.
An internal amplifier provides the negative resistance required
to induce oscillation. The internal amplifier expects an AT cut,
fundamental mode crystal with a maximum motional resistance
of 100 Ω. The following crystals, listed in alphabetical order, may
meet these criteria. Analog Devices, Inc., does not guarantee their
operation with th
e AD9557, nor does Analog Devices endorse one
crystal supplier over another. Th
e AD9557 reference design uses
a 49.152 MHz crystal, which is high performance, low spurious
content, and readily available.
AVX/Kyocera CX3225SB
ECS ECX-32
Epson/Toyocom TSX-3225
Fox FX3225BS
NDK NX3225SA
Siward SX-3225
Suntsu SCM10B48-49.152 MHz
SYSTEM CLOCK MULTIPLIER
The SYSCLK PLL multiplier is an integer-N design with an
integrated VCO. It provides a means to convert a low frequency
clock input to the desired system clock frequency, fSYS (750 MHz
to 805 MHz). The SYSCLK PLL multiplier accepts input signals
of between 3.5 MHz and 600 MHz, but frequencies that are in
excess of 150 MHz require the system clock P-divider to ensure
compliance with the maximum PFD rate (150 MHz). The PLL
contains a feedback divider (N) that is programmable for divide
values between 4 and 255.
Pdiv
sysclk
Ndiv
sysclk
f
OSC
SYS
_
×
=
where:
fOSC is the frequency at the XOA and XOB pins.
sysclk_Ndiv is the value stored in Register 0x0100.
sysclk_Pdiv is the system clock P divider that is determined by the
setting of Register 0x0101[2:1].
If the system clock doubler is used, the value of sysclk_Ndiv
should be half of its original value.
The system clock multiplier features a simple lock detector that
compares the time difference between the reference and feedback
edges. The most common cause of the SYSCLK multiplier not
locking is a non-50% duty cycle at the SYSCLK input while the
system clock doubler is enabled.