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AD9856
–19–
REV. B
DISPLAYED FREQUENCY IS RELATIVE TO I/Q NYQ. BW
0
2
M
4
6
–150
8
10 12 14 16 18 20
–140
–130
–120
–110
–100
–90
–80
–70
–60
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
22 24 26 28 30 32
a. CIC Frequency Response (R = 2, HBF 3 Bypass)
DISPLAYED FREQUENCY IS RELATIVE TO I/Q NYQ. BW
0
0
36
M
72 108
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
–110
–120
–130
–140
–150
144 180 216 252 288 324 360 396 432 468 504
b. CIC Frequency Response (R = 63, HBF 3 Bypass)
The degree of the impact of the attenuation introduced by the
CIC filter over the Nyquist bandwidth of the data is application
specific. The user must decide how much attenuation is accept-
able. If less attenuation is desired, then additional oversampling
of the baseband data must be employed. Alternatively, the user
can precompensate the baseband data before presenting it to the
AD9856. That is, if the data is precompensated through a filter
that has a frequency response characteristic, which is the inverse
of the CIC filter response, then the overall system response can
be nearly perfectly flattened over the bandwidth of the data.
Another issue to consider with the CIC filters is insertion loss.
Unfortunately, CIC insertion loss is not fixed but is a function
of R, M and N. Since M and N are fixed for the AD9856, the
CIC insertion loss is a function of R, only.
Interpolation rates that are an integer power-of-2 result in no
insertion loss. However, all noninteger power-of-2 interpolation
rates result in a specific amount of insertion loss.
To help overcome the insertion loss problem, the AD9856
provides the user a means to boost the gain through the CIC
stage by a factor of 2 (via the CIC Gain bit—see the AD9856
control register description). The reason for this feature is to
allow the user to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the
DAC, thus maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the
output of the DAC stage. Obviously, it is desirable to operate
the DAC over its full-scale range in order to minimize the inher-
ent quantization effects associated with a DAC. Any significant
loss through the CIC stage will be reflected at the DAC output
as a reduction in SNR. The degradation in SNR can be over-
come by boosting the CIC output level. Table II (The CIC
Interpolation Filter Insertion Loss Table) tabulates insertion
loss as a function of R. The values are provided in linear and
decibel form, both with and without the factor-of-two gain
employed.
A word of caution:
When the CIC Gain bit is active, the user
must ensure that the data supplied to the AD9856 is scaled
down to yield an overall gain of unity (1) through the CIC filter
stage. Gains in excess of unity are likely to cause overflow errors
in the data path, thereby compromising the validity of the ana-
log output signal.
Figure 31. CIC Filter Frequency Response (HB 3 Bypassed and R = 2, 63)
DISPLAYED FREQUENCY IS RELATIVE TO I/Q NYQ. BW
0
0
0.2
M
0.4
0.6
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
–2.5
–3.0
–3.5
–4.0
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
c. Passband Detail (R = 2, HBF 3 Bypass)
DISPLAYED FREQUENCY IS RELATIVE TO I/Q NYQ. BW
0
0
0.2
M
0.4
0.6
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
–2.5
–3.0
–3.5
–4.0
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
d. Passband Detail (R = 63, HBF 3 Bypass)