Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of the local
echo path for a typical application with a trans-
former interface. The magnitudeand phase of the
localecho signal, measuredat VF
X
I, are a function
of the termination impedance Z
T
, the line trans-
formerandtheimpedanceof the2Wloop,Z
L
. Ifthe
impedancereflected back into the transformerpri-
mary is expressedas Z
L
’ thentheecho path trans-
fer function from VF
R
O to VF
X
I is :
H(W) = Z
L
’ /(Z
T
+ Z
L
’)
(1)
Figure1:
SimplifiedDiagram of Hybrid BalanceCircuit
PROGRAMMING THE FILTER
On initial power-up the HybridBalance filter is dis-
abled. Before the hybrid balance filter can be pro-
grammed it is necessary to designthe transformer
andterminationimpedanceinordertomeetsystem
2 Winput return loss specifications,which are nor-
mally measured against a fixed test impedance
(600or 900
inmost countries).Only thencan the
echopath be modeled and thehybridbalancefilter
programmed. Hybrid balancing is also measured
against a fixed test impedance, specified by each
national Telecom administration to provide ade-
quate control of talker and listener echo over the
majority of their network connections.This test im-
pedanceis Z
L
in figure1. The echo signal and the
degree of transhybrid loss obtained by the pro-
grammable filter mustbe measuredfrom the PCM
digital input D
R
0, to the PCM digital output D
X
0,
eitherbydigitaltestsignalanalysisorbyconversion
back to analog by a PCM CODEC/Filter.
Three registers must be programmed in COMBO
IIG to fully configure the Hybrid Balance Filter as
follows :
Register 1: select/de-selectHybrid Balance Filter;
invert/non-invert cancellation signal;
select/de-selectHybal2 filter section;
attenuatorsetting.
Register2: select/de-selectHybal1 filter;
set Hybal1 to Bi-Quad or 1st order;
programpole and zero frequency.
Register3 : program polefrequencyin Hybal2filter;
programzerofrequencyin Hybal2filter;
settings = Please refer to software
TS5077-2.
Standard filter design techniques may be used to
model theecho path (see equation(1)) and design
amatchinghybridbalancefilterconfiguration.Alter-
natively, the frequencyresponse of the echo path
can be measured and thehybrid balancefilterpro-
grammed to replicateit.
An Hybrid Balance filter design guide and soft-
ware optimization program are available under li-
censefrom SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics (or-
der TS5077-2).
Bit Number
Function
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
By Pass Hybal 1
Filter
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pole/zero Setting
Table 10:
Hybrid Balance Register 2 Byte 2 in-
structions
TS5070- TS5071
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