參數(shù)資料
型號: AD9891KBC
廠商: ANALOG DEVICES INC
元件分類: 消費家電
英文描述: CCD Signal Processors with Precision Timing⑩ Generator
中文描述: SPECIALTY CONSUMER CIRCUIT, PBGA64
封裝: PLASTIC, CSPBGA-64
文件頁數(shù): 30/59頁
文件大?。?/td> 599K
代理商: AD9891KBC
REV. A
–30–
AD9891/AD9895
ANALOG FRONT END DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The AD9891/AD9895 AFE signal processing chain is shown in
Figure 36. Each processing step is essential in achieving a high
quality image from the raw CCD pixel data. AFE Register de-
tails are shown in Table XXXI.
DC Restore
To reduce the large dc offset of the CCD output signal, a dc-
restore circuit is used with an external 0.1
μ
F series coupling
capacitor. This restores the dc level of the CCD signal to
approximately 1.5 V, to be compatible with the 3 V analog
supply of the AD9891/AD9895.
Correlated Double Sampler
The CDS circuit samples each CCD pixel twice to extract the
video
information and reject low frequency noise. The tim
ing
shown in Figure 10 illustrates how the two internally
generated CDS clocks, SHP and SHD, are used to sample
the reference level and the data level, respectively, of the
CCD signal. The placement of the SHP and SHD sampling
edges is determined by the setting of the SHPPOSLOC and
SHDPOSLOC Registers located at Addr 0xE9 and
Addr 0xEA,
respectively. Placement of these two clock signals
is critical in achieving the best performance from the CCD.
Input Clamp
A line-rate input clamping circuit is used to remove the CCD
s
optical black offset. This offset exists in the CCD
s shielded
black reference pixels. The AD9891/AD9895 remove this offset
in the
input stage to minimize the effect of a gain change on the
system
black level. Another advantage
of removing this offset at
the input stage is to maximize system
headroom. Some area
CCDs have large black level offset voltages,
which, if not cor-
rected at the input stage, can significantly reduce
the available
headroom in the internal circuitry when higher VGA
gain set-
tings are used.
The input clamp is controlled by the CLPDM signal, which is
fully programmable (see Horizontal Clamping and Blanking
section).
System timing examples are shown in the Horizontal
Timing Sequence Example
section. It is recommended that the
CLPDM pulse be used during
valid CCD dark pixels. CLPDM
may be used during the optical black pixels, either together
with CLPOB or separately. The CLPDM pulse should be a
minimum of 4 pixels wide.
PxGA
The
PxGA
provides separate gain adjustment for the individual color
pixels. A programmable gain amplifier with four separate values,
the
PxGA
has the capability to
multiplex
its gain value on a
pixel-to-pixel basis (see Figure 37). This allows lower output
color
pixels to be gained up to match higher output color pixels.
Also, the
PxGA
may be used to adjust the colors for white balance,
reducing
the amount of digital processing that is needed. The four
different
gain values are switched according to the
color
steering
circuitry. Seven different color steering modes for dif-
ferent types of CCD color filter arrays are programmed in the
AD9891/AD9895 AFE CTLMODE Register, at Addr 0x06
(see Figures 39a
39g for internal color steering timing). For
0dB TO 36dB
CLPDM
CCDIN
DIGITAL
FILTER
CLPOB
DC RESTORE
OPTICAL BLACK
CLAMP
0.1 F
ADC
VGA
8-BIT
DAC
CLAMP LEVEL
REGISTER
8
VGA GAIN
REGISTER
10
CDS
INTERNAL
V
REF
2V FULL
SCALE
–2dB TO +10dB
10
or
12
PRECISION
TIMING
GENERATION
0.1 F
0.1 F
BYP1
BYP2
SHPSHD
PxGA
1.5V
OUTPUT
DATA
LATCH
1.0 F
REFT
1.0 F
REFB
DOUT
PHASE
V-H
TIMING
GENERATION
SHP
SHD
DOUT
PHASE
CLPDM CLPOB PBLK
PBLK
1.0V
2.0V
DOUT
0.1 F
BYP3
INPUT OFFSET
CLAMP
Figure 36. AFE Block Diagram
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