TPA2000D4
STEREO 2W CLASSD AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
WITH STEREO HP AMPLIFIER
SLOS337B DECEMBER 2000 REVISED NOVEMBER 2005
20
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
gain setting resistors, RF and RI for HP amplifier
The voltage gain for the TPA2000D4 headphone amplifier is set by resistors RF and RI according to equation 9.
(9)
Gain
+*
R
F
R
I
or Gain (dB)
+ 20 log
R
F
R
I
Given that the TPA2000D4 is a MOS amplifier, the input impedance is very high. Consequently input leakage
currents are not generally a concern, although noise in the circuit increases as the value of RF increases. In
addition, a certain range of RF values is required for proper start-up operation of the amplifier. Taken together
it is recommended that the effective impedance seen by the inverting node of the amplifier be set between
5 k
and 20 k. The effective impedance is calculated in equation 10.
(10)
Effective Impedance
+
R
FRI
R
F ) RI
As an example, consider an input resistance of 20 k
and a feedback resistor of 20 k. The gain of the amplifier
would be 1 and the effective impedance at the inverting terminal would be 10 k
, which is within the
recommended range.
For high performance applications, metal film resistors are recommended because they tend to have lower
noise levels than carbon resistors. For values of RF above 50 k, the amplifier tends to become unstable due
to a pole formed from RF and the inherent input capacitance of the MOS input structure. For this reason, a small
compensation capacitor of approximately 5 pF should be placed in parallel with RF. This, in effect, creates a
low-pass filter network with the cutoff frequency defined in equation 11.
(11)
fc +
1
2
pR
F CF
For example, if RF is 100 k and CF is 5 pF then fc is 318 kHz, which is well outside the audio range.
For maximum signal swing and output power at low supply voltages like 1.6 V to 3.3 V, BYPASS is biased to
VDD/4. However, to allow the output to be biased at VDD/2, a resistor, R, equal to RF must be placed from the
negative input to ground.
input capacitor, CI for HP amplifier
In the typical application, an input capacitor, CI, is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input signal to the
proper dc level for optimum operation. In this case, CI and RI form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency
determined in equation 12.
(12)
fc +
1
2
pR
I
C
I
The value of CI is important to consider, as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit.
Consider the example where RI is 20 k and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 20 Hz.
Equation 4 is reconfigured as equation 13.
(13)
C
I +
1
2
pR
I fc
In this example, CI is 0.40 F, so one would likely choose a value in the range of 0.47 F to 1 F. A further
consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (RI, CI) and
the feedback resistor (RF) to the load. This leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier
that reduces useful headroom, especially in high-gain applications (>10). For this reason a low-leakage
tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the
capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications, as the dc level there is held at VDD/4, which is
likely higher than the source dc level. It is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application.