OPA622
14
gain) at low closed-loop gains. Harmonic distortion is also
improved with increased open-loop gain. Figure 12 shows the
OPA622 frequency response at G
CL
= +2V/V and variable
R
OG
to demonstrate its influence on a flat frequency response.
Slight variation of R
OG
might be necessary to compensate for
load capacitance. It is possible to achieve optimal pulse
response over a wide range of load capacitances without
overshooting and ringing. As an example, Figure 13 shows a
selection curve for the optimal R
OG
value versus the load
capacitance at a gain (G
CLO
) of +2V/V.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
The OPA622 does not require a heat sink for operation in
most environments. A heat sink will, however, reduce the
internal thermal rise, resulting in cooler, more reliable
operation. At extreme temperatures and under full load
conditions, a heat sink is necessary. The internal power
dissipation is given by the equation P
D
= P
DQ
+ P
DL
, (P
DQ
is
the quiescent power dissipation and P
DL
is the power dissi-
pation in the output stage due to the load). Although the P
DQ
is very low (50mW at V
CC
=
±
5V), care should be taken
FIGURE 8. Bandwidth vs Output Voltage (Current-Feedback
Amplifier).
–1
R
2
R
1
R
OG
g
m
g
m
+In
4
13
8
10
3
9
R
T
C
T
V
OUT
T
D
–In
FIGURE 9. Hybrid Model of a Wideband Op Amp.
FIGURE 10. Open-Loop Gain vs R
OG
.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
–10
–20
G
Frequency (Hz)
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
1G
0
27
150
390
R
OG
=
20
15
10
5
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
dB
O
Frequency (HZ)
1M
10M
100M
1G
3G
0.6Vp-p
2.8Vp-p
1.4Vp-p
0.2Vp-p
150
8
+1
1k
20
15
10
5
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25
dB
O
Frequency (HZ)
1M
10M
100M
1G
3G
0.6Vp-p
2.8Vp-p
1.4Vp-p
0.2Vp-p
5.0Vp-p
150
9
+1
150
8
180
180
0.5pF
10
+
13
3
–
4
G
CL
= +2V/V
FIGURE 7. Bandwidth vs Output Voltage (Feedback Buffer ).
time constants. The elements R and C
OTA
between the
current source output and the output buffer form the first
open-loop pole T
C
. The signal delay time, T
D,
modelled in
the output buffer, combines several small phase-shifting
time constants and delay times. They are distributed through-
out the amplifier and are also present in the feedback loop.
As shown in Figure 10, an increasing R
OG
leads to a
decreasing open-loop gain. The ratio of the two time con-
stants, T
C
and T
D
, of the open-loop frequency response also
determines the product G
OL
G
CL
for optimal closed-loop
frequency response.
G
OL
= G
+CL
T
C
and T
D
are fixed by the op amp design. The purpose of R
OG
now is to vary G
OL
versus G
CL
to keep the product G
OL
G
CL
constant, which is the theoretical condition for optimal and
gain-independent frequency response. Figure 11 summarizes
some optimal flat closed-loop responses and indicates the R
OG
values. It should be noted that the bandwidth remains rela-
tively constant and R
OG
has its highest value (low open-loop
T
C
2T
D