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DS3232M
±5ppm, I2C Real-Time Clock with SRAM
20
Maxim Integrated
I2C Serial Port Operation
I2C Slave Address
The device’s slave address byte is D0h. The first byte
sent to the device includes the device identifier, device
address, and the R/W bit (
Figure 9). The device address
sent by the I2C master must match the address assigned
to the device.
I2C Definitions
The following terminology is commonly used to describe
I2C data transfers.
Master Device: The master device controls the slave
devices on the bus. The master device generates SCL
clock pulses and START and STOP conditions.
Slave Devices: Slave devices send and receive data
at the master’s request.
Bus Idle or Not Busy: Time between STOP and
START conditions when both SDA and SCL are inac-
tive and in their logic-high states. When the bus is idle,
it often initiates a low-power mode for slave devices.
START Condition: A START condition is generated
by the master to initiate a new data transfer with a
slave. Transitioning SDA from high to low while SCL
remains high generates a START condition. See
STOP Condition: A STOP condition is generated
by the master to end a data transfer with a slave.
Transitioning SDA from low to high while SCL remains
high generates a STOP condition. See
Figure 1 for
applicable timing.
Repeated START Condition: The master can use
a repeated START condition at the end of one data
transfer to indicate that it immediately initiates a new
data transfer following the current one. Repeated
STARTs are commonly used during read operations
to identify a specific memory address to begin a data
transfer. A repeated START condition is issued identi-
cally to a normal START condition. See
Figure 1 for
applicable timing.
Bit Write: Transitions of SDA must occur during
the low state of SCL. The data on SDA must remain
valid and unchanged during the entire high pulse of
SCL plus the setup and hold time requirements (see
Figure 1). Data is shifted into the device during the
rising edge of the SCL.
Bit Read: At the end of a write operation, the master
must release the SDA bus line for the proper amount
of setup time (see
Figure 1) before the next rising
edge of SCL during a bit read. The device shifts out
each bit of data on SDA at the falling edge of the pre-
vious SCL pulse and the data bit is valid at the rising
edge of the current SCL pulse. Remember that the
master generates all SCL clock pulses including when
it is reading bits from the slave.
Acknowledge (ACK and NACK): An acknowledge
(ACK) or not acknowledge (NACK) is always the ninth
bit transmitted during a byte transfer. The device
receiving data (the master during a read or the slave
during a write operation) performs an ACK by trans-
mitting a 0 during the ninth bit. A device performs
a NACK by transmitting a 1 during the ninth bit.
Timing for the ACK and NACK is identical to all other
bit writes. An ACK is the acknowledgment that the
device is properly receiving data. A NACK is used to
terminate a read sequence or as an indication that the
device is not receiving data.
Byte Write: A byte write consists of 8 bits of informa-
tion transferred from the master to the slave (most
significant bit first) plus a 1-bit acknowledgment from
the slave to the master. The 8 bits transmitted by the
master are done according to the bit write definition
and the acknowledgment is read using the bit read
definition.
Byte Read: A byte read is an 8-bit information transfer
from the slave to the master plus a 1-bit ACK or NACK
from the master to the slave. The 8 bits of information
that are transferred (most significant bit first) from the
slave to the master are read by the master using the
bit read definition, and the master transmits an ACK
using the bit write definition to receive additional data
bytes. The master must NACK the last byte read to
terminate communication so the slave returns control
of SDA to the master.
Figure 9. I2C Slave Address Byte
11
1
0R/W
0
MSB
LSB
READ/
WRITE BIT
DEVICE
IDENTIFIER