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LTC2494
2494fd
applications inForMation
transparently removes the differential input current. This
enables external RC networks and high impedance sen-
sors to directly interface to the LTC2494 without external
amplifiers. The remaining common mode input current
is eliminated by either balancing the differential input
impedances or setting the common mode input equal
to the common mode reference (see the Automatic Dif-
ferential Input Current Cancellation section). This unique
architecture does not require on-chip buffers, thereby
enabling signals to swing beyond ground or up to VCC.
Moreover, the cancellation does not interfere with the
transparent offset and full-scale auto-calibration and the
absolute accuracy (full-scale + offset + linearity + drift) is
maintained even with external RC networks.
Power-Up Sequence
The LTC2494 automatically enters an internal reset state
when the power supply voltage, VCC, drops below ap-
proximately 2V. This feature guarantees the integrity of
the conversion result, input channel selection and serial
clock mode.
WhenVCCrisesabovethisthreshold,theconvertercreates
an internal power-on reset (POR) signal with a duration
of approximately 4ms. The POR signal clears all internal
registers. The conversion immediately following a POR
cycle is performed on the input channels IN+ = CH0 and
IN–=CH1withsimultaneous50Hz/60Hzrejection1xoutput
rate, and gain = 1. The first conversion following a POR
cycle is accurate within the specification of the device if
the power supply voltage is restored to (2.7V to 5.5V)
before the end of the POR interval. A new input channel,
rejection mode, speed mode, temperature selection, or
gain can be programmed into the device during this first
data input/output cycle.
Reference Voltage Range
Thisconverteracceptsatrulydifferentialexternalreference
voltage.Theabsolute/commonmodevoltagerangeforthe
REF+ and REF– pins covers the entire operating range of
the device (GND to VCC). For correct converter operation,
VREF must be positive (REF+ > REF–).
The LTC2494 differential reference input range is 0.1V to
VCC. For the simplest operation, REF+ can be shorted to
VCC and REF– can be shorted to GND. The converter out-
put noise is determined by the thermal noise of the front
end circuits, and as such, its value in nanovolts is nearly
constant with reference voltage. A decrease in reference
voltage will not significantly improve the converter’s effec-
tive resolution. On the other hand, a decreased reference
will improve the converter’s overall INL performance.
Input Voltage Range
The analog input is truly differential with an absolute, com-
mon mode range for CH0 to CH15 and COM input pins
extending from GND – 0.3V to VCC + 0.3V. Outside these
limits, the ESD projection devices begin to turn on and the
errorsduetoinputleakagecurrentincreaserapidly.Within
these limits, the LTC2494 converts the bipolar differential
input signal VIN = IN+ + IN– (where IN+ and IN– are the
selected input channels), from –FS = –0.5 VREF/Gain to
+FS = 0.5 VREF/Gain where VREF = REF+ – REF–. Outside
this range, the converter indicates the overrange or the
underrange condition using distinct output codes.
Signals applied to the input (CH0 to CH15, COM) may
extend 300mV below ground and above VCC. In order to
limit any fault current, resistors of up to 5k may be added
in series with the input. The effect of series resistance on
the converter accuracy can be evaluated from the curves
presentedintheInputCurrent/ReferenceCurrentsections.
In addition, series resistors will introduce a temperature
dependent error due to input leakage current. A 1nA
input leakage current will develop a 1ppm offset error
on a 5k resistor if VREF = 5V. This error has a very strong
temperature dependency.
MUXOUT/ADCIN
The output of the multiplexer (MUXOUT) and the input
to the ADC (ADCIN) can be used to perform input signal
conditioning on any of the selected input channels or sim-
ply shorted together for direct digitization. If an external
amplifier is used, the LTC2494 automatically calibrates
both the offset and drift of this circuit and the Easy Drive
sampling scheme enables a wide variety of amplifiers to
be used.