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ADP3810/ADP3811
–9–
REV. 0
between inductive and capacitive component sizes, switching
losses and cost.
The primary PWM-IC circuit derives its starting V
CC
through a
100 k
resistor directly from the rectified ac input. After start-
up, a conventional bootstrapped sourcing circuit from an auxil-
iary flyback winding wouldn’t work, since the flyback voltage
would be reduced below the minimum V
CC
level specified for
the 3845 under a shorted or discharged battery condition. There-
fore, a voltage doubler circuit was developed (as shown in Fig-
ure 23) that provides the minimum required V
CC
for the IC
across the specified ac voltage range even with a shorted battery.
While the signal from the ADP3810/ADP3811 controls the av-
erage charge current, the primary side should have a cycle by
cycle limit of the switching current. This current limit has to be
designed so that, with a failed or malfunctioning secondary cir-
cuit or optocoupler, the primary power circuit components (the
FET and transformer) won’t be overstressed. In addition, dur-
ing start-up or for a shorted battery, V
CC
to the ADP3810/
ADP3811 won’t be present. Thus, the primary side current
limit is the only control of the charge current. As the secondary
side V
CC
rises above 2.7 V, the ADP3810/ADP3811 takes over
and controls the average current. The primary side current limit
is set by the 1.6
current sense resistor connected between the
power NMOS transistor, IRFBC30, and ground.
The current drive of the ADP3810/ADP3811’s output stage di-
rectly connects to the photodiode of an optocoupler with no ad-
ditional circuitry. With 5 mA of output current, the output stage
can drive a variety of optocouplers. An MOC8103 is shown as
an example. The current of the photo-transistor flows through
the 3.3 k
feedback resistor, R
FB
, setting the voltage at the
3845’s COMP pin, thus controlling the PWM duty cycle. The
controlled switching regulator should be designed as shown so
that more LED current from the optocoupler reduces the duty
cycle of the converter. Approximately 1 mA should be the
9.1
3W
1A
L
N
AC
120/220V–
22nF
1N4148
13V
330pF
330
10k
10
1k
1.6
470pF
47μF
C
F
1nF
R
F
3.3k
3.3k
100k
IRFBC30
50μF/450V
TX1**
10nF
1N4148 100
22μF
C
1mF
R3
20k
*
MURD320
R
0.25
*
C
0.2μF
R
C2
300
R4
1.2k
3.3V
0.1μF
3.3k
2.2nF
OPTO COUPLER
MOC8103
C
220μF
0.1μF
0.1μF
R1
80.6k
*
R2
20k
*
R
C1
10k
C
C1
1μF
V
CS
V
CC
V
REF
V
SENSE
OUT
COMP
GND
V
CTRL
0.1μF
ADP3810/ADP3811
V
OUT
BATTERY
CHARGE
CURRENT
CONTROL
VOLTAGE
MAXIMUM V
OUT
= +10V
CHARGE CURRENT 0.1A TO 1A
* 1% TOLERANCE
** TX1
f = 120kHz
L
PR
= 750μH
L
SEC
= 7.5μH
V
CC
OUTPUT
COMP
V
FB
I
SENSE
V
REF
RT/CT
GND
PWM
3845
Figure 23. ADP3810/ADP3811 Controlling an Off-Line, Flyback Battery Charger
maximum current needed to reduce the duty cycle to zero. The
difference between the 5 mA drive and the 1 mA requirement
leaves ample margin for variations in the optocoupler gain.
Secondary Side Considerations
For the lowest cost, a current-mode flyback converter topology
is used. Only a single diode is needed for rectification
(MURD320 in Figure 23), and no filter inductor is required.
The diode also prevents the battery from back driving the
charger when input power is disconnected. A 1 mF capacitor
filters the transformer current, providing an average dc current
to charge the battery. The resistor, R
CS
, senses the average cur-
rent which is controlled via the V
CS
input. In this case, the
charging current has high ripple due to the flyback architecture,
so a low-pass filter (R3 and C
C2
) on the current sense signal is
needed. This filter has an extra inverted zero due to R
C2
to im-
prove the phase margin of the loop. The 1 mF capacitor is con-
nected between V
OUT
and the 0.25
sense resistor. To provide
additional decoupling to ground, a 220
μ
F capacitor is also con-
nected to V
OUT
. Output ripple voltage is not critical, so the out-
put capacitor was selected for lowest cost instead of lowest
ripple. Most of the ripple current is shunted by the parallel bat-
tery, if connected. If needed, high frequency ringing caused by
circuit parasitics can be damped with a small RC snubber across
the rectifier.
The V
CC
source to the ADP3810/ADP3811 can come from a di-
rect connection to the battery as long as the battery voltage re-
mains below the specified 16 V operating range. If the battery
voltage is less then 2.7 V (e.g., with a shorted battery, or a bat-
tery discharged below it’s minimum voltage), the ADP3810/
ADP3811 will be in Undervoltage Lock Out (UVLO) and will
not drive the optocoupler. In this condition, the primary PWM
circuit will run at its designed current limit. The V
CC
of the
ADP3810/ADP3811 can be boosted using the circuit shown in
Figure 23. This circuit keeps V
CC
above 2.7 V as long as the