
2001 Dec 19
9
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
LCD controllers/drivers
PCF2113x
7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
7.1
LCD supply voltage generator
The LCD supply voltage may be generated on-chip. The
V
LCD
generator is controlled by two internal 6-bit registers:
V
A
and V
B
. The nominal LCD operating voltage at room
temperature is given by the relationship:
V
OP(nom)
= (integer value of register
×
0.08) + 1.82
7.1.1
P
ROGRAMMING RANGES
Programmed value: 1 to 63. Voltage: 1.90 to 6.86 V.
T
ref
= 27
°
C.
Values producing more than 6.5 V at operating
temperature are not allowed.
Operation above this
voltage may damage the device. When programming the
operating voltage the V
LCD
tolerance and temperature
coefficient must be taken into account.
Values below 2.2 V are below the specified operating
range of the chip and are therefore not allowed.
Value 0 for V
A
and V
B
switches the generator off
(i.e. V
A
= 0 in character mode, V
B
= 0 in icon mode).
Usually register V
A
is programmed with the voltage for
character mode and register V
B
with the voltage for icon
mode.
When V
LCD
is generated on-chip the V
LCD
pins should be
decoupled to V
SS
with a suitable capacitor.
The generated V
LCD
is independent of V
DD
and is
temperature compensated. When the V
LCD
generator and
the direct mode are switched off, an external voltage may
be supplied at connected pins V
LCD1
and V
LCD2
. V
LCD1
and
V
LCD2
may be higher or lower than V
DD2
.
During direct mode (program DM register bit) the internal
V
LCD
generator is turned off and the V
LCD2
output voltage
is directly connected to V
DD2
. This reduces the current
consumption during icon mode and Mux 1 : 9 (depending
on V
DD2
value and LCD liquid properties).
The V
LCD
generator ensures that, as long as V
DD
is in the
valid range (2.2 to 4 V), the required peak voltage
V
OP
= 6.5 V can be generated at any time.
7.2
LCD bias voltage generator
The intermediate bias voltages for the LCD display are
also generated on-chip. This removes the need for an
external resistive bias chain and significantly reduces the
system current consumption. The optimum value of V
LCD
depends on the multiplex rate, the LCD threshold voltage
(V
th
) and the number of bias levels. Using a 5-level bias
scheme for 1 : 18 maximum rate allows V
LCD
< 5 V for
most LCD liquids. The intermediate bias levels for the
different multiplex rates are shown in Table 1. These bias
levels are automatically set to the given values when
switching to the corresponding multiplex rate.
Table 1
Bias levels as a function of multiplex rate; note 1
Note
1.
The values in the table are given relative to V
LCD
V
SS
, e.g.
3
/
4
means
3
/
4
×
(V
LCD
V
SS
).
MULTIPLEX
RATE
NUMBER
OF LEVELS
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
V
6
1 : 18
1 : 9
1 : 2
5
5
4
V
LCD
V
LCD
V
LCD
3
/
4
3
/
4
2
/
3
1
/
2
1
/
2
2
/
3
1
/
2
1
/
2
1
/
3
1
/
4
1
/
4
1
/
3
V
SS
V
SS
V
SS