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Lattice Semiconductor
5
Data Sheet
January 2002
ORCA
Series 2 FPGAs
ORCA
Overview
Foundry
Development System
The
front-end design entry tools and provides the tools to
produce a con
fi
gured FPGA. In the design
fl
ow, the
user de
fi
nes the functionality of the FPGA at two
points: at design entry and at the bit stream generation
stage.
ORCA
Foundry Development System interfaces to
Following design entry, the development system’s map,
place, and route tools translate the netlist into a routed
FPGA. Its bit stream generator is then used to generate
the con
fi
guration data which is loaded into the FPGA’s
internal con
fi
guration RAM. When using the bit stream
generator, the user selects options that affect the func-
tionality of the FPGA. Combined with the front-end
tools,
ORCA
Foundry produces con
fi
guration data that
implements the various logic and routing options dis-
cussed in this data sheet.
Architecture
The
elements: PLCs and PICs. Figure 1 shows an array of
programmable logic cells (PLCs) surrounded by pro-
grammable input/output cells (PICs). The Series 2 has
PLCs arranged in an array of 20 rows and 20 columns.
PICs are located on all four sides of the FPGA between
the PLCs and the IC edge.
ORCA
Series FPGA is comprised of two basic
The location of a PLC is indicated by its row and col-
umn so that a PLC in the second row and third column
is R2C3. PICs are indicated similarly, with PT (top) and
PB (bottom) designating rows and PL (left) and PR
(right) designating columns, followed by a number. The
routing resources and con
fi
guration RAM are not
shown, but the interquad routing blocks (hIQ, vIQ)
present in the Series 2 series are shown.
Each PIC contains the necessary I/O buffers to inter-
face to bond pads. The PICs also contain the routing
resources needed to connect signals from the bond
pads to/from PLCs. The PICs do not contain any user-
accessible logic elements, such as
fl
ip-
fl
ops.
Combinatorial logic is done in look-up tables (LUTs)
located in the PFU. The PFU can be used in different
modes to meet different logic requirements. The LUT’s
con
fi
gurable medium-/large-grain architecture can be
used to implement from one to four combinatorial logic
functions. The
fl
exibility of the LUT to handle wide input
functions, as well as multiple smaller input functions,
maximizes the gate count/PFU.
The LUTs can be programmed to operate in one of
three modes: combinatorial, ripple, or memory. In com-
binatorial mode, the LUTs can realize any four-, ve-,
or six-input logic functions. In ripple mode, the high-
speed carry logic is used for arithmetic functions, the
new multiplier function, or the enhanced data path
functions. In memory mode, the LUTs can be used as a
16 x 4 read/write or read-only memory (asynchronous
mode or the new synchronous mode) or a new 16 x 2
dual-port memory.
Programmable Logic Cells
The programmable logic cell (PLC) consists of a pro-
grammable function unit (PFU) and routing resources.
All PLCs in the array are identical. The PFU, which con-
tains four LUTs and four latches/FFs for logic imple-
mentation, is discussed in the next section.
Programmable Function Unit
The PFUs are used for logic. Each PFU has 19 exter-
nal inputs and six outputs and can operate in several
modes. The functionality of the inputs and outputs
depends on the operating mode.
The PFU uses three input data buses (A[4:0], B[4:0],
WD[3:0]), four control inputs (C0, CK, CE, LSR), and a
carry input (CIN); the last is used for fast arithmetic
functions. There is a 5-bit output bus (O[4:0]) and a
carry-out (COUT).
Figure 2. PFU Ports
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CELL (PLC)
WD3
WD2
WD1
WD0
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
O4
O3
O2
O1
O0
PROGRAMMABLE
FUNCTION UNIT
(PFU)
CE LSR
C0 CK
(ROUTING RESOURCES, CONFIGURATION RAM)
CIN
COUT