LTC4011
4011fb
operaTion
ShutdownState
TheLTC4011remainsinmicropowershutdownuntilDCIN
(Pin1)isdrivenaboveVCC(Pin18).Inshutdownallstatus
andPWMoutputsandinternallygeneratedterminations
orsupplyvoltagesareinactive.Currentconsumptionfrom
VCCandBATisreducedtoaverylowlevel.
ChargeQualificationState
Once DCIN is greater than VCC, the LTC4011 exits
micropowershutdown,enablesitsowninternalsupplies,
providesVRTvoltagefortemperaturesensing,andswitches
VCDIVtoGNDtoallowmeasurementoftheaveragesingle-
cellvoltage.TheICalsoverifiesthatVCCisatorabove4.2V,
VCCis510mVaboveBATandVCELLisbetween350mVand
1.95V.IfVCELLisbelow350mV,nochargingwilloccur,and
ifVCELLisabove1.95V,thefaultstateisentered,which
isdescribedinmoredetailbelow.Onceadequatevoltage
conditionsexistforcharging,READYisasserted.
IfthevoltagebetweenVTEMPandGNDisbelow200mV,the
LTC4011ispaused.IfVTEMPisabove200mVbutbelow
2.85V,theLTC4011verifiesthatthesensedtemperatureis
between5°Cand45°C.Ifthesetemperaturelimitsarenot
metorifitsowndietemperatureistoohigh,theLTC4011
willindicateafaultandnotallowchargingtobegin.IfVTEMP
isgreaterthan2.85V,batterytemperaturerelatedcharge
qualification,monitoringandterminationaredisabled.
Oncechargingisfullyqualified,prechargebegins(unless
theLTC4011ispaused).Inthatcase,theVTEMPpinis
monitoredforfurthercontrol.Thechargestatusindicators
andPWMoutputsremaininactiveuntilchargingbegins.
ChargeMonitoring
TheLTC4011continuestomonitorimportantvoltageand
temperatureparametersduringallchargingstates.Ifthe
DCinputisremoved,chargingstopsandtheshutdown
stateisentered.IfVCCdropsbelow4.25VorVCELLdrops
below350mV,chargingstopsandtheLTC4011returns
tothechargequalificationstate.IfVCELLexceeds1.95V,
chargingstopsandtheICentersthefaultstate.Ifanexternal
thermistorindicatessensedtemperatureisbeyondarange
of5°Cto60°C,ortheinternaldietemperatureexceedsan
internalthermallimit,chargingissuspended,thecharge
timerispausedandtheLTC4011indicatesafaultcondition.
Normalchargingresumesfromthepreviousstatewhen
thesensedtemperaturereturnstoasatisfactoryrange.In
addition,otherbatteryfaultsaredetectedduringspecific
chargingstatesasdescribedbelow.
PrechargeState
IftheinitialvoltageonVCELLisbelow900mV,theLTC4011
enterstheprechargestateandenablesthePWMcurrent
sourcetotricklechargeusingone-fifththeprogrammed
chargecurrent.TheCHRGstatusoutputisactiveduring
precharge. The precharge state duration is limited to
tMAX/12minutes,wheretMAXisthemaximumfastcharge
periodprogrammedwiththeTIMERpin.IfsufficientVCELL
voltagecannotbedevelopedinthislengthoftime,thefault
stateisentered,otherwisefastchargebegins.
FastChargeState
Ifadequateaveragesingle-cellvoltageexists,theLTC4011
entersthefastchargestateandbeginschargingatthe
programmedcurrentsetbytheexternalcurrentsense
resistor connected between the SENSE and BAT pins.
TheCHRGstatusoutputisactiveduringfastcharge.If
VCELLisinitiallyabove1.325V,voltage-basedtermination
processingbeginsimmediately.Otherwise–Vtermination
isdisabledforastabilizationperiodoftMAX/12.Inthat
case,theLTC4011makesanotherfaultcheckattMAX/12,
requiringtheaveragecellvoltagetobeabove1.22V.This
ensuresthebatterypackisacceptingafastcharge.If
VCELLisnotabovethisvoltagethreshold,thefaultstateis
entered.FastchargestatedurationislimitedtotMAXand
thefaultstateisenteredifthislimitisexceeded.
ChargeTermination
Fastchargeterminationparametersaredependentupon
thebatterychemistryselectedwiththeCHEMpin.Voltage-
basedtermination(–V)isalwaysactiveaftertheinitial
voltagestabilizationperiod.Ifanexternalthermistornetwork
ispresent,chemistry-specificlimitsforT/t(rateoftem-
peraturerise)arealsousedintheterminationalgorithm.
Temperature-basedtermination,ifenabled,becomesactive
assoonasthefastchargestateisentered.Successful
chargeterminationrequiresachargeratebetweenC/2and
2C.Lowerratesmaynotproducethebatteryvoltageand
temperatureprofilerequiredforchargetermination.
(RefertoFigure1)