sponse must extend to at least one-fifth the lower bandwidth
limit and the high frequency response must extend to at least
five times the upper bandwidth limit. The gain variation for
both response limits is 0.17dB, well within the ±0.25dB de-
sired limit. The results are an
f
L = 100Hz/5 = 20Hz
(3)
and an
f
H = 20kHz x 5 = 100kHz
(4)
As mentioned in the Selecting Proper External Compo-
nents
section, R
i and Ci create a highpass filter that sets the
amplifier's lower bandpass frequency limit. Find the coupling
capacitor's value using Equation (3).
C
i≥ 1/(2πR ifL)
(5)
The result is
1/(2π*20kΩ*20Hz) = 0.397F
Use a 0.39F capacitor, the closest standard value.
The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the
desired frequency pole, f
H, and the differential gain, AV. With
an A
V = 1 and fH = 100kHz, the resulting GBWP = 100kHz
which is much smaller than the LM4910 GBWP of 11MHz.
This figure displays that if a designer has a need to design an
amplifier with higher differential gain, the LM4910 can still be
used without running into bandwidth limitations.
MINIMIZING OUTPUT NOISE / REDUCING OUTPUT POWER
20030568
FIGURE 3.
Output noise delivered to the load can be minimized with the
use of an external resistor, R
SERIES, placed in series with each
SERIES forms a voltage divider
with the impedance of the headphone driver R
L. As a result,
output noise is attenuated by the factor R
L / (RL + RSERIES).
Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between output noise and
R
SERIES for different loads. RSERIES also decreases output
power delivered to the load by the factor R
L / (RL + RSERIES)
2
. However, this may not pose a problem since most head-
phone applications require less than 10mW of output power.
Figure 5 illustrates output power (@1% THD+N) vs R
SERIES
for different loads.
Figure 4 shows an optional resistor connected between the
amplifier output that drives the headphone jack sleeve and
ground. This resistor provides a ground path that supressed
power supply hum. This hum may occur in applications such
as notebook computers in a shutdown condition and con-
nected to an external powered speaker. The resistor's 100
value is a suggested starting point. Its final value must be de-
termined based on the tradeoff between the amount of noise
suppression that may be needed and minimizing the addi-
tional current drawn by the resistor (25mA for a 100
resistor
and a 5V supply).
ESD PROTECTION
As stated in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, pin 6 (V
o3) on
the LM4910 has a maximum ESD susceptibility rating of
10kV. For higher ESD voltages, the addition of a PCDN042
dual transil (from California Micro Devices), as shown in
Fig-ure 4, will provide additional protection.
www.national.com
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LM4910