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4.0 Functional Description
4.1 General
The LM3647 can be configured to charge three different
types of batteries: Ni-Cd, Ni-MH and Li-Ion. The charger be-
havior for Ni-Cd and Ni-MH is similar but the charge curves
will appear slightly different due to the differences in chemis-
try. The Ni-Cd/Ni-MH charging algorithm is divided into four
phases:
Soft Start:
The LM3647 detects that a battery is connected
and verifies that the temperature is within limit.
Charging starts with a current of 0.2C and switch-
es into next phase on timeout. Error termination
will be triggered by Maximum Battery Voltage
(CEL-pin > 3.017V) or if the battery voltage never
reaches the Defective Battery Level (CEL-pin <
1.2V).
Fast Charge:
Constant current is applied to the battery and
the LM3647 monitors voltage and temperature
(optional). Switch into next phase will appear as a
voltage drop in the charging curve: (Ni-Cd ~
50mV/cell) and (Ni-MH ~ 17mV/cell). Error termi-
nation will be triggered by over-temperature.
Topping Charge:
A current of 0.2C is applied to the battery
for a user defined time (RC network at SEL4)
Maintenance Charge:
Is user selectable and is a fixed per-
centage of the Fast Charge rate.
Discharge before charge is user selectable.
Ni-Cd Charging Curve:
Ni-MH Charging Curve:
The Li-Ion charging algorithm is also divided into four phas-
es:
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Qualification:
The LM3647 detects that a battery is con-
nected and verifies that the temperature (optional but
highly recommended for safety reasons) is within limit.
Charging starts with a current of 0.2C and switches into
next phase on timeout (~ 1 minute). Error termination will
be triggered if the battery voltage does not reach the Li-
Ion Battery Qualification Level (CEL-pin < 1.2V) within
one minute.
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Fast Charge Constant Current:
Battery voltage will rise
until Maximum Battery Voltage (CEL-pin = 2.675V or
2.74V depending on SEL3) is reached.
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Fast Charge Constant Voltage:
Keeps the voltage con-
stant until the current has decreased below the threshold
(CS at 2.3V).
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Maintenance Charge:
Is user selectable and is a fixed
percentage of the Fast Charge rate.
4.2 Advanced Pin Descriptions
SEL1
is a selection pin to set the LM3647 in different charge
behavior. The pin has three states: tied to Vcc, GND, or un-
connected (Hi-Z). When the charger is configured to charge
Ni-Cd or Ni-MH batteries, this pin determines if the charger
discharges the battery before charging or if the charger shall
only maintenance charge the battery. When the charger is
configured for Li-Ion batteries, this pin determines how the
charger behaves during maintenance charge.
SEL2
is a selection pin to determine the battery type to be
charged. The pin has three states: tied to Vcc (Ni-MH), GND
(Ni-Cd), or unconnected (Li-lon).
SEL3
is a selection pin used to set charger hardware modes.
The pin has two states: tied to Vcc or GND. When configured
for Ni-Cd/Ni-MH batteries, this pin determines whether the
PWM is fast and has current feedback, or slow and has ex-
ternal current control. When configured for Li-Ion batteries,
this pin changes the regulation point for maximum voltage,
2.675V (4.1V Cell) or 2.74V (4.2V Cell).
Note:
SEL3 must be hard wired to Vcc if a charger that sup-
ports both Li-Ion and Ni-Cd Ni-MH is implemented.
SEL4
is connected to a RC-network that determines the
charge time-outs. This RC-network is also connected to the
output LED1.
RCIN
is a high-speed timing pin, used to drive the charger at
the right frequency connected to a RC-network.
GND
is the ground pin.
Vcc
is the power-supply pin. This pin should have a 100nF
capacitor tied to GND.
RESET
is a reset pin.
LED1
is an active-low output used to indicate charge phase.
It is also used when measuring the charge timeout value.
Voltage
Time
Discharge
Soft Start
Fast Charge
Topping
Charge
Maintenance
Charge
Voltage
Time
Discharge
Soft Start
Fast Charge
Topping
Charge
Maintenance
Charge
Voltage
Current
Time
Qualification
Fast Charge
Constant Current
Fast Charge
Constant Voltage
Maintenance
Charge