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843002AKI-41
www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html
REV. A JUNE 1, 2005
11
Integrated
Circuit
Systems, Inc.
ICS843002I-41
700MH
Z
, F
EMTO
C
LOCKS
VCXO B
ASED
SONET/SDH J
ITTER
A
TTENUATOR
PRELIMINARY
N
OTES
ON
S
ETTING
THE
V
ALUE
OF
C
P
As another general rule, the following relationship should be
maintained between components C
S
and C
P
in the loop filter:
C
establishes a second pole in the VCXO PLL loop filter. For
higher damping factors (> 1), calculate the value of C
based on
a C
value that would be used for a damping factor of 1. This will
minimize baseband peaking and loop instability that can lead to
output jitter.
C
also dampens VCXO PLL input voltage modulation by the
charge pump correction pulses. A C
value that is too low will
result in increased output phase noise at the phase detector
frequency due to this. In extreme cases where input jitter is high,
charge pump current is high, and C
is too small, the VCXO PLL
input voltage can hit the supply or ground rail resulting in non-
linear loop response.
The best way to set the value of C
is to use the filter response
software under development from ICS (please refer to the
following section). C
should be increased in value until it just
starts affecting the passband peak.
L
OOP
F
ILTER
R
ESPONSE
S
OFTWARE
Online tools to calculate loop filter response (coming soon) at
www.icst.com. Contact your local sales representative if a tool
cannot be found for this product.
N
OTES
ON
E
XTERNAL
C
RYSTAL
L
OAD
C
APACITORS
In the loop filter schematic diagram, capacitors are shown be-
tween pins 32 to ground and between pins 31 to ground. These
are optional crystal load capacitors which can be used to cen-
ter tune the external pullable crystal (the crystal frequency can
only be lowered by adding capacitance, it cannot be raised).
Note that the addition of external load capacitors will decrease
the crystal pull range and the Kvco value.
C
P
=
C
S
20
1
2
3
32 31
LF1
LF0
ISET
C
S
R
S
C
P
R
SET
The external crystal devices and loop filter components should
be kept close to the device. Loop filter and crystal PCB
connection traces should be kept short and well separated from
each other and from other signal traces. Other signal traces
should not run underneath the device, the loop filter or crystal
components.
E
XTERNAL
VCXO PLL C
OMPONENTS
In general, the loop damping factor should be 0.7 or greater to
ensure output stability. A higher damping factor will create less
peaking in the passband. A higher damping factor may also
increase lock time and output clock jitter when there is excess
digital noise in the system application, due to the reduced ability
of the PLL to respond to and therefore compensate for phase
noise ingress.
The LOR0 and LOR1 pins are controlled by the internal clock
activity monitor circuits. The clock activity monitor circuits are
clocked by the VCXO PLL phase detector feedback clock.
The LOR output is asserted high if there are three consecutive
feedback clock edges without any reference clock edges (in
both cases, either a negative or positive transition is counted
L
OSS
OF
R
EFERENCE
I
NDICATOR
(LOR0
AND
LOR1) O
UTPUT
P
INS
.
as an “edge”). The LOR output will otherwise be low. The
activity monitor does not flag excessive reference transitions in
an phase detector observation interval as an error. The monitor
only distinguishes between transitions occurring and no transi-
tions occurring.