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HS7541A
12-Bit CMOS Multiplying DAC
5
Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
V
REF
10K
20K
D
11
(MSB)
Switches shown for digital inputs "high"
D
1
D
2
D
0
(LSB)
I
OUT2
I
OUT1
R
FB
10K
10K
20K
20K
20K
20K
S
1
S
2
S
11
S
0
R = 10K
I
LEAKAGE
30pF
R
FEEDBACK
I
OUT1
I
LEAKAGE
85pF
I
OUT2
1/4096
I
REF
V
REF
R = 10K
The twelve output current-steering switches are
in series with the R-2R ladder, and therefore,
can introduce bit errors. It is essential then, that
the switch “on” resistance be binarily scaled so
that the voltage drop across each switch remains
constant. If, for example, switch S
of
Figure 1
was designed with an “on” resistance of 10
ohms, switch S
for 20 ohms, etc., then with a
10V reference input, the current through S
is
0.5mA, S
is 0.25mA, etc.; a constant 5mV drop
will then be maintained across each switch.
To further insure accuracy across the full tem-
perature range, permanently “on” MOS switches
are included in series with the feedback resistor
and the R-2R ladder’s terminating resistor. These
series switches are equivalently scaled to two
times switch S
(MSB) and to switch S
(LSB)
respectively to maintain constant relative volt-
age drops with varying temperature. During any
testing of the resistor ladder or R
(such as
incoming inspection), V
must be present to
turn “on” these series switches.
Figure 3. Equivalent Circuit – All Inputs High
Figure 1. Simplified DAC Circuit
2001V ESD Protection
In the design of the
HS7541A
’s data inputs,
2001V ESD resistance has been incorporated
through careful layout and the inclusion of input
protection circuitry.
Equivalent Circuit Analysis
Figures 2 and 3
show the equivalent circuits for all
digital inputs LOW and HIGH respectively. The
reference current is switched to I
when all inputs
are LOW, and to I
when all inputs are HIGH.
The I
current source is the combination of
surface and junction leakages to the substrate; the
1/4096 current source represents the constant 1-bit
current drain through the ladder terminating resis-
tor. The output capacitance is dependent upon the
digital input code, and therefore varies between the
low and high values.
Output Impedance
The output resistance, as in the case of the output
capacitance, varies with the digital input code.
The resistance, looking back into the I
OUT1
ter-
R = 10K
I
LEAKAGE
30pF
R
FEEDBACK
I
OUT1
I
LEAKAGE
85pF
I
OUT2
1/4096
I
REF
V
REF
R = 10K
Figure 2. Equivalent Circuit – All Inputs Low
V
REF
(–10V)
D
11
(MSB)
D
0
(LSB)
IDATA
2K
GAIN TRIM
1K
GAIN TRIM
15pF
+15V
–15V
V
OUT
–
+
R
FB
I
O1
I
O2
GND
3
V
REF
V
DD
+15V
4
15
2
1
18
16
17
HS7541A
Figure 4. Unipolar Operation