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EL4451C
Wideband Variable-Gain Amplifier Gain of 2
Applications Information
Contd
Leveling Circuits
Often a variable-gain control is used to normalize
an input signal to a standard amplitude from a
modest range of possible input amplitude A good
example is in video systems where an untermi-
nated cable will yield a twice-sized standard vid-
eo amplitude and an erroneously twice-terminat-
ed cable gives a 23-sized input
Here is a g6 dB range preamplifier
Linearized Leveling Amplifier
4451 – 30
In this arrangement the EL4451 outputs a mix-
ture of the signal routed through the multiplier
and the REF terminal The multiplier port pro-
duces the most distortion and needs to handle a
fraction of an oversized video input whereas the
REF port is just like an op-amp input summing
into the output Thus for oversized inputs the
gain will be decreased and the majority of the
signal is routed through the linear REF terminal
For undersized inputs the gain is increased and
the multiplier’s contribution added to the output
Here are some component values for two designs
Attenuation
RF
RG
R1
R2
R3
b
3dB
Ratio
Bandwidth
15
200
X 400X 300X 100X 200X
47 MHz
2
400
X 400X 500X 100X 200X
28 MHz
EL4451 Leveler Circuit
Attenuation Ratio e 15
4451 – 31
EL4451 Leveler Circuit
Attenuation Ratio e 2
4451 – 32
With the higher attenuation ratio the multiplier
sees a smaller input amplitude and distorts less
however the higher output gain reduces circuit
bandwidth As seen in the next curves the peak
differential gain error is 047% for the attenua-
tion ratio of 15 but only 027% with the gain of
2 constants To maintain bandwidth an external
op amp can be used instead of the RF -RG divid-
er to boost the EL4451’s output by the attenua-
tion ratio
Sinewave Oscillators
Generating a stable low distortion sinewave has
long been a difficult task Because a linear oscil-
lator’s output tends to grow or diminish continu-
ously either a clipping circuit or automatic gain
control (AGC) is needed Clipping circuits gener-
ate severe distortion which needs subsequent fil-
tering and AGC’s can be complicated
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