REV. B
OP270
–13–
FREQUENCY RATIO – (1/
)( / T)
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
PHASE
SHIFT
–
Deg
–2
–4
–5
–6
–7
–1
–3
0.005
0.05
0.5
LOW PHASE ERROR
AMPLIFIER
CASCADED
(TWO STAGES)
SINGLE OP AMP.
CONVENTIONAL DESIGN
Figure 13. Phase Error Comparison
R3
680
C2
6.8 F
+
TANTALUM
R4
1k
60Hz
L1
1H
R5
680
C3
1 F
+
TANTALUM
R6
1k
200Hz
L2
600mH
R7
680
C4
0.22 F
R8
1k
800Hz
L3
180mH
R9
680
C5
0.047 F
R10
1k
3kHz
L4
60mH
R11
680
C6
0.022 F
R12
1k
10kHz
L5
10mH
1/2
OP270E
–
+
C1
0.47 F
R1
47k
VIN
R2
3.3k
1/2
OP270E
–
+
R14
100
R13
3.3k
VOUT
Figure 14. 5-Band Low Noise Graphic Equalizer
FIVE-BAND LOW NOISE STEREO GRAPHIC EQUALIZER
The graphic equalizer circuit shown in Figure 14 provides 15dB of
boost or cut over a 5-band range. Signal-to-noise ratio over a 20 kHz
bandwidth is better than 100 dB referred to a 3 Vrms input. Larger
inductors can be replaced by active inductors but this reduces
the signal-to-noise ratio.
DIGITAL PANNING CONTROL
Figure 15 uses a DAC-8221, a dual 12-bit CMOS DAC, to pan
a signal between two channels. One channel is formed by the
current output of DAC A driving one-half of an OP270 in a
current-to-voltage converter configuration. The other channel is
formed by the complementary output current of DAC A which
normally flows to ground though the AGND pin. This comple-
mentary current is converted to a voltage by the other half of the
OP-270 which also holds AGND at virtual ground.
Gain error due to mismatching between the internal DAC lad-
der resistors and the current-to voltage feedback resistors is
eliminated by using feedback resistors internal to the DAC8221.
Only DAC A passes a signal; DAC B provides the second feed-
back resistor. With VREFB unconnected, the current-to-voltage
converter, using RFBB, is accurate and not influenced by digital
data reaching DAC B. Distortion of the digital panning control
is less than 0.002% over the 20 Hz–20 kHz audio range. Figure
16 shows the complementary outputs for a 1 kHz input signal
and a digital ramp applied to the DAC data input.
DUAL PROGRAMMABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER
The dual OP270 and the DAC-8221, a dual 12-bit CMOS
DAC, can be combined to form a space-saving dual program-
mable amplifier. The digital code present at the DAC, which is
easily set by a microprocessor, determines the ratio between the
internal feedback resistor and the resistance the DAC ladder
presents to the op amp feedback loop. Gain of each amplifier is:
V
Vn
OUT
IN
=
4096
where n equals the decimal equivalent of the 12-bit digital code
present at the DAC. If the digital code present at the DAC
consists of all zeros, the feedback loop will open causing the op
amp output to saturate. A 20 M
W resistor placed in parallel with
the DAC feedback loop eliminates this problem with only a very
small reduction in gain accuracy.